Lithium-ion batteries are at the heart of modern technology, powering everything from mobile devices to electric vehicles. However, they come with a significant fire risk. The newly released Collaborative Reporting for Safer Structures (CROSS) paper delves into the fire safety concerns associated with these batteries, shedding light on the phenomenon known as thermal runaway. This self-sustaining reaction can trigger large-scale fires or even explosions, often set off by overcharging, short circuiting, or overheating.

One of the main challenges with lithium-ion battery fires is their stubborn nature. These batteries are not only difficult to access with traditional fire suppressants, but they also emit flammable and toxic vapours. Moreover, residual heat can lead to reignition, and common extinguishing agents may provoke violent reactions. The paper outlines essential mitigation measures – including the installation of battery management systems (BMS), gas and fire detection, proper ventilation, and regular maintenance – that can significantly reduce these risks and enhance safety for both people and the environment.

Drawing on a blend of publicly available guidance, cutting-edge research, and confidential UK reporting experience, the paper examines hazards linked to both battery-powered devices and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). It provides a comprehensive overview of the fire and explosion dangers within the built environment, offering practical advice for mitigating potential disasters.

This publication is a must-read for:

• Owners and occupiers of facilities using or planning to use lithium-ion technology
• Fire and structural engineers
• Local authorities and building control bodies
• Developers, surveyors, and architects
• Facilities managers and maintenance organisations
• First responders, including fire and rescue services, police, and ambulance teams

For anyone involved in the planning, installation, or management of lithium-ion battery systems, this CROSS paper offers valuable insights into improving fire safety.  

Download the CROSS Topic Paper

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